SOUTH KOREA WILDLIFE GUIDE

Korea’s early history is marked by the formation of three significant kingdoms, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, with the latter achieving the unification of the Korean Peninsula around 668 AD. This period of unification under the Silla Dynasty was followed by the Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392), from which the modern name “Korea” comes. The Goryeo Dynasty was known for its cultural development, particularly the influence of Buddhism and the invention of the world’s first metal movable type.

The Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910) succeeded the Goryeo Dynasty, an era characterized by Confucianism’s impact and the creation of the Korean alphabet, Hangul, in the 15th century. However, by 1910, Korea fell under Japanese rule, leading to a period of cultural suppression and exploitation until Japan’s surrender to the Allies in 1945 marked the end of World War II.

Post-war, the Korean Peninsula was divided into two zones, with the Soviet Union occupying the north and the United States the south. This led to the establishment of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in the South and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) in the North in 1948. The tension escalated into the Korean War in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea. The war ended with an armistice in 1953, but a formal peace treaty was never signed, technically leaving the Korean Peninsula in a state of war.

The aftermath of the war marked a period of rapid industrialization and economic growth for South Korea, known as the “Miracle on the Han River.” Despite periods of military rule and political instability, the country transitioned into a democratic system by 1987. South Korea has since emerged as a global leader in technology, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, and pop culture, though it faces ongoing challenges, particularly concerning reunification with North Korea, national security, and the global COVID-19 pandemic. South Korea remains a vibrant democracy and a significant player in the global economy.

Country Code: +82.

Crime: South Korea, like any other country, experiences crime, but its crime rates are relatively low compared to many countries worldwide. The most common crimes reported are theft and non-violent property crimes, while violent crimes such as assault and homicide are less frequent.

Cybercrime is also a concern in South Korea due to its highly digitalized society and fast internet infrastructure. This includes phishing attacks, identity theft, and online scams. South Korean authorities have implemented stringent cybercrime laws and invested in cybersecurity measures to counter these threats.

Corruption has been a serious issue in South Korea’s political and business circles, with several high-profile cases involving top officials and business executives, including former presidents and heads of major chaebols (large family-owned business conglomerates). The government has been making efforts to tackle corruption with laws like the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, also known as the Kim Young-ran Act.

Although South Korea is considered relatively safe, societal issues such as domestic violence and gender-based violence have been increasingly recognized and addressed through both legislation and public discourse. Public protests demanding stronger action against digital sex crimes, such as the infamous “Nth room case,” have led to more stringent laws and penalties against such offenses.

Currency: Won.

Electricity: Type C (2-pin round), Type F (2-pin round, Schuko).

Language: Korean.

Latitude and Longitude: 35.9078° N, 127.7669° E.

Population: 51.74 million (2021).

President: Yoon Suk Yeol.

South Korea has a diverse landscape, featuring mountain ranges, forested national parks, islands, and coastal regions.

Seoraksan National Park

This park is located in the eastern part of the country and is known for its breathtaking mountainous landscape, including the third highest peak in South Korea. It’s famous for its diverse flora and fauna, beautiful valleys, and the ancient Sinheungsa Buddhist temple.

Jirisan National Park

This is one of the oldest national parks in South Korea and also one of the largest. It’s home to the second highest peak in the country. The park is known for its scenic beauty, biodiversity, and several Buddhist temples.

Hallasan National Park

Located on Jeju Island, this park is centered around Hallasan, South Korea’s highest mountain and a dormant volcano. The park boasts unique volcanic features, including a crater lake, lava tubes, and a variety of flora and fauna.

Bukhansan National Park

This park is unique as it is located within the capital city, Seoul. Despite its location, it offers rugged landscapes with granite peaks, gorges, and forests. The park is a popular spot for hiking and includes several historic Buddhist temples.

Dadohaehaesang National Park

This is the largest national park in South Korea and consists mainly of maritime ecosystems, with numerous islands and coastal areas. It’s renowned for its marine biodiversity, beautiful coastlines, and traditional fishing communities.

South Korea is a country of diverse attractions, blending ancient traditions and cutting-edge technology, stunning natural landscapes, and vibrant city life.

Seoul

The capital city is a mix of modern skyscrapers, high-tech subways, and pop culture alongside Buddhist temples, palaces, and street markets. Notable attractions include Gyeongbokgung Palace, Changdeokgung Palace, the historic Bukchon Hanok Village, Namsan Seoul Tower, and the bustling shopping district of Myeongdong.

Busan

Known for its beaches, hot springs, and nature reserves, Busan also hosts the international film festival annually. Haeundae Beach, Gwangalli Beach, Jagalchi Fish Market, and the Haedong Yonggungsa Temple are among its popular spots.

Jeju Island

A UNESCO World Heritage site, it’s famous for its volcanic landscape, cavelike lava tubes, and the towering Hallasan Mountain. The island is also known for its beautiful waterfalls, beaches, and the iconic stone statues known as Dol Hareubang.

Gyeongju

Often referred to as the “museum without walls,” it was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Silla. It’s home to many historical sites, including Bulguksa Temple, Seokguram Grotto, and the royal burial mounds at Tumuli Park.

Incheon

Known for Incheon International Airport, the city also features attractions like Chinatown, Wolmi Traditional Park, and Songdo Central Park.

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)

The strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula serves as a buffer zone between North and South Korea, a vivid reminder of the Korean War and ongoing tensions. It’s a unique place to visit with guided tours, where you can see observatories, tunnels, and historic sites.

Korean Folk Village

Located in Yongin, this village is a living museum displaying the traditional culture from the Joseon Dynasty.

Haeundae Beach

Located in Busan, it’s one of the most famous beaches in South Korea and a popular spot during the summer.

South Korea has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter.

Spring (March to May)

Spring is generally warm and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 10°C (50°F) to 20°C (68°F). The country is particularly beautiful during this time due to the blooming cherry blossoms, especially in cities like Jinhae, which host large cherry blossom festivals. There can be occasional rainfall, but it’s not the rainy season yet.

Summer (June to August)

The summer starts with a brief monsoon season, called “jangma,” in late June to early July. This is a period of heavy rainfall and can cause flooding in some areas. After the monsoon season, the weather becomes hot and humid, with temperatures often climbing above 30°C (86°F). The southeastern part of the country tends to be hotter than the rest. It’s also the high season for tourism, particularly in beach areas like Busan and Jeju Island.

Fall (September to November)

Autumn is arguably the most beautiful season in South Korea. The weather is typically clear and dry with comfortable temperatures, often in the range of 10°C (50°F) to 20°C (68°F). This is the time when the country’s forests exhibit spectacular fall foliage, particularly in the national parks.

Winter (December to February)

Winters in South Korea are cold and dry, with temperatures often dropping below freezing, particularly in the northern and inland areas. The country’s mountainous regions receive substantial snowfall, making them popular for winter sports. Coastal areas and the southern part of the country, including Jeju Island, are milder but can still experience cold spells.